Smallpox and Different Vaccines free essay sample

Are vaccinations likely to do more harm than good? The risks of common vaccines often exceed their benefits. There are real dangers to vaccines and some parents often feel they have to lie to avoid vaccination of their children. In the world today there are thousands, even millions of different vaccines created on a daily basis. The main function of a vaccination is to build our immune system, allowing it to work against different types of bacteria. Instead of helping us fight against disease and certain infections, it seems the vaccines are actually the leading cause to the disease. Scientists lessen the amount of the disease in the vaccine making it harder to become sick or in other words, obtain the disease. For individuals with little to no immune systems it is still very easy for the vaccine to trigger an infection. This is why children, babies in particular, become very ill sometimes fatal when receiving vaccinations. We will write a custom essay sample on Smallpox and Different Vaccines or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Vaccines started back in the ancient times. Edward Jenner, the father of immunology, was the first to ever record a vaccination. Jenner was born on May 17, 1794. At age 5 Edward was orphaned and went to live with his older brother. He developed a strong interest in science and nature during his early school years, which he never let go of. When Jenner was 13 he job shadowed a country surgeon. During his time there Jenner heard a dairymaid say, I shall never have smallpox for I have had cowpox. It was a common belief that dairymaids were in some way protected from smallpox. Jenner developed the first vaccine called the small pox vaccine. He discovered by exposing an individual to cowpox bacteria the body could produce its own protection from the disease once it is exposed. The vaccine became very popular, parents were even fighting for their children to be vaccinated. However, this did not last all that long. Out breaks of small pox began to occur leading to a worldwide banning of the procedure. Small pox is a disease caused by the variola major virus. Experts say that over the centuries it has killed more people than all other ineffectual diseases combined. In the 1800s small pox broke out in Germany. Over one million people had the disease and 120,000 died. Of those people, 96% of them had been vaccinated, and only 4% had not received any type of vaccination. (NBCI) Under the federal vaccine injury compensation program (VCIP), more than 2. 5 billion has been paid to vaccine injured individuals, as well as to families, whose children have died after vaccination in the U. S. A young girl at the age of 15, Jenny Tetlock developed a degenerative muscle disease soon after being vaccinated against the cervical-cancer-causing HPV. Jenny became almost completely paralyzed. Her father Phil Tetlock and mother Barbara Mellers were racing against time to save their daughters life. Sadly time ran out, and Jenny passed away. (CDC) Two other young girls, 22 year old Whitney Baird and 12 year old Alicia Olund developed ALS after being injected with Gardasil. ALS is a disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. Whitney died a short 13 months after receiving Gardasil. Alicia began having trouble walking after receiving her third shot. She now uses leg braces and a walker at home as her muscles continue to deteriate. Turns out, warnings concerning these vaccines have been raised before. (CDC) Different vaccines contain different ingredients. These ingredients include, lab altered live or inactivated viruses and bacteria, chemicals, metals, proteins, antibiotics and human, animal and insect DNA and RNA. The worst ingredient by far in vaccines is thermisol. Thermisol is a mercury-containing preservative used in some vaccines. Mercury is a metal that builds up in human bodies over time. These small amounts of mercury (thermisol) accumulate and can eventually lead to mercury poisoning, which can be fatal. Today’s vaccines not only contain live versions of the disease you do not want but also contain GMOS, hormones from infected cows, pigs, chickens, and monkeys. A few ingredients in vaccines also include: gelatin, sodium chloride, formaldehyde, phenoxyethanol, and MSG. Gelatin derived from the inside of animals skin and bones. Sodium Chloride raises blood pressure and inhibits muscle contraction and growth. Formaldehyde is a highly carcinogenic fluid used to embalm corpses. It is ranked one of the most hazardous compounds to human health. Formaldehyde can cause liver damage, gastrointestinal issues, reproductive deformation, respiratory distress and cancer. Phenoxyethanol is a glycol ether/chemical. It is highly toxic to the nervous system such as your kidneys and liver. The FDA warns can cause shut down of the central nervous system, and vomiting. Last but not least we have MSG. Monosodium glutamate (MSG), when injected becomes a neurotoxin causing CNS disorders and brain damage in children. (NVIC) In my very own opinion I do not agree to vaccinations. Injecting my child with a harmful disease is not something I agree upon. Why give yourself, or your children a deathly disease you do not want! Studies have proven more children die from being vaccinated due to bad reactions, or misuse of vaccine. Why put yourself or loved ones at risk when you really do not have to. Society needs to take the situation seriously when deciding whether to fund animal models that claim to be able to predict human responds to drugs and disease. It is more important parents become educated and knowledgeable about immunizations so that they can make an informed choice rather than be manipulated.

The Influence of the Western Culture on the Essay Example

The Influence of the Western Culture on the Essay Example The Influence of the Western Culture on the Essay The Influence of the Western Culture on the Essay Introduction Culture is a broad term which has been described by various philosophers since decades. It has been claimed by Raymond Williams to be â€Å"†¦one of the two or three most complicated words in English language† (Williams, 1976). Different definitions of the term, culture may have distinct descriptive ways and criterion to evaluate human activity. It is important to define the broad base of the sophisticated term ‘culture’, in the sense used later in the paper, to narrow down the discussion on our topic. Culture is a word stemming from a Latin word ‘cultura’ which means to cultivate (Harper, 2008). It is defined by Findley and Rothney as, â€Å"systems of symbols and meanings that even their creator contest, which lack fixed boundaries, that are constantly in flux, and that interact and compete with one another (Findley Rothney, 2006). This is the defination of culture I would be using here on. The authors describe culture to be a system of symbols having blurred boundries. The curx however is to see how do we recognize these system of symbols? The answer to this question is provided by Williams who says that culture can be judged or embedded in music, literature,lifestyle, painting and sculputure,theater and film and similar things (Williams, 1976). These dimensions are common to all cultures. In the foreface of the rapid globalization and the interaction in the past, these dimensions of various cultures are often influenced by each other. The following Paper discusses the influence of the dimensions of western culture to the respective dimensions of the subcontinental culture and vice versa. The subcontinential culture, is the culture refering to the South Asian region which includes the modern day India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Sirilanka. The major influene on the subcontinental cultrue came first with the arrival of the British in India in the early 1600’s. The British brought with them the rest of Western culture customs and traditions. The traditional religions and cutltures in the subcontinent were slowly subverted. The conversion of people from the prevailent religion in the subcontinent played an important role in the change in the traditional culture. The converts to chiristanity were encouraged not only to give up their religion but also their traditions and cultures. A fine christian convert would dress like an Englishman and imitate English behaviour in all things. Thus the converts to Christanity were buoyant to think behave and live like the Englishmen. The English education system was introducced by the then Governer Generals’ council in Calcutta (East India) 1 The influence of the western culture on the Sub continental culture and vice versa Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800 1859), aimed at producing Indians who were English in taste. This progressive system was implemented all over India providing Western education. To the Sub continent people, this was perceived as much more of an enlightenment than exploitation as more people could go to collages built by foreign rulers. It gave them the aura of becoming more civilized, rational and modern by acquiring the knowledge. This is also one of the reasons of no significant initial resistance to the shift in the cultural values (Sundaram, 2006). This extensive educational programs resulted into well read sub continent scholars and writers. In the late 1800’s the literature started to take its turn and produced much more writings in English by local people than ever before. It also gave birth to notable writers such as Bharati Mukherjee and Jhumpa Lahiri. Globalization of the world has had its influence on the sub continental culture as well. In a modern day scenario people are instantly connected and communicating with each other than ever before. The products produced in one part of the world are easily available in the other part and international traveling has just become a norm. The world is very interdependent today and we are living in an era where information travels like the speed of light. While some people might think that globalization is just about making business without any restrictions, it is much more than that. At the same time Globalization allows different cultures to combine and integrate through having common social activists, labor organizers, journalists, academics and many others (Sundaram, 2006). Music, theater and the film industry has also been broadly influenced by the increased globalization. Music has been a center stone of the sub continental background. It has been traditionaly been based on the simple melodies and is regarded as one of the most well-developed systems of the classical world. The classical beats of the conventional music provide the true cultural and the traditional taste to the sub continental music. Later in the 13th Centruy the sub continental music remained under the influence of the Islamic presence. There is a faction who believes that the classic sub continental traditional music dates back to Amir Khusro, one of the singers in the Mughal Empire. The remarkable poetry by some famous poets brought the traditional music to new hieghts. However the first influence of the sub continental music of such kind was widely evident in the 1960’s when it found its way in the form of some extra ordinary play of the sitar (a voiln type instrument) by Ravi Shankar on the famous Beatles album, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band. The sub continental music made its way into the west with the well known players such as Ravi Shankar and Ali Akbar Khan. This was the first time that the Sub continental music started to acquire Western students. The classical music 2 The influence of the western culture on the Sub continental culture and vice versa was brought to the attention of the western world (Manas, 2006). Even today we see traces of the classical sub continental music in the rap songs such as the Indian flute sung by Timbaland. There are other various singers who use the rhythmic Sub continental beats in their music. Ghazals, the poetic compositions that aspire more than do popular film songs to poetic qualities are also very popular among the west: the subject here is usually the loss, memory, and remembrance of love. A prime example of the influence to the west is the famous Ghazal singer Nusrat Fateh Ali khan. He has been the â€Å"king of Qawalis† as he is labeled in Pakistan. Mr. Khan’s popular work (Qawalis/Ghazals) has been a part of international books, series, plays and movies. His famous songs have been played in the famous movie Bend it like Beckham, the TV series Sex and the City and various other international stages. The cultural music of the sub continent has therefore influenced the western cinema and music in a subtle but obvious way (Manas, 2006). This does not end here, the traditional beats of the Punjabi Bhangra dance were/are increasingly being remixed by various south asian Dj’s to add a different intercultureal flavour to the traditional Bhangara. The traditional beats of the bhangra dance are mixed with house, reggae and hip-hop to create a newsensation to the music. These remixes became immesnsely popular in the Uk and the USA by the end of the 90’s. One of the famous bands which resulted in this fusion of cultural music was the Punjabi MC, whose songs are a part of the playlists in almost all the disc clubs in the western society. It is easy to see here how the fusion of the music style in terms of other generes of raggae, Rap or hip-hop attacks the fundamentalism of the sub continental music. By producing such music the artists put the racial signifiers of being essentially sub continental or south asian at risk. Since the bhangra music is a type of music signiying the region of south asia (sub continent), this diffusion of the music with the integration of western elements creates disputes of identity and the ownership of the remixed music. On the other hand however, the remixed veriosn of the bhangra music offers the displaced sub continent people mainly in the USA and the UK a way to express themselves in a western society. This offers them a channel to prove that their remixed version of the bhangra has been an effort through social difficulties and is truly authentic. This does not end here, side by side the influence of the Western Music has also overshadowed the Sub continental musical industry. The Sub continental music has become under increased influence of the western â€Å"rock and pop† culture. This is primarily true for the younger generation who prefer westeren music over the sub continental numbers. The entire process of making music has also been westerenised. The focus now is not on live performances of talent and intruments but more on back stage artificial manipulation of the 3 The influence of the western culture on the Sub continental culture and vice versa sounds which apeal to the changing demands of the new generation (Sabharwal, 2007). According to the Times of India meagazine almost 80 percent of the songs played in the sub continent today are of westeren influence. Aadesh Srivastava, a renowned Indian music director argues that the Indian music has been damaged by the â€Å"cut-copy-paste culture†, whereby the directors copy the theme and the essence of the music to reproduce it with a hint of modification. This â€Å"cut-copy-paste culture† is the reason why we see most of the sub continental music being a sister production of the western music. The traditional and the classical instruments such at the tabla and the harmonium are being substituted by the western invented drums and violins, explains the contemporary musicians like Vineet Arora (Sabharwal, 2007). He further explains the instruments such as the drums and the Violin, â€Å"†¦are easier to operate and learn so we’ve never felt the need to introduce sun continental instruments in our band† (Sabharwal, 2007). The influence of the Western culture to the Sub continental culture is carried forward by the powerful media, films and theater widely active in both regions. Western media culture has created major inroads in the sub continental film industry through Hollywood influencing Bollywood and Lollywood. The sub continent youngsters now are increasingly challenging the traditions and norms of the society. This is the result of the trend of western elements taking part in the Sub continental films, such as Rachel Shelley in Lagaan. The sub continental films are trying to raise their production standards to meet those seen by the western films. There have also been a number of films being shot overseas and adopting English in their scripts. This trend can be clearly seen in the Films such as â€Å"Kal Ho Naa HO†. The film has shown explicitly the influence of the Hollywood has on the sub continent culture. On the other hand the films from the biggest film industry in the world, in terms of the number of movie produced i. e. Bollywood, are attracting great number of non-subcontinent origin viewers around the world, especially in Europe and the USA. As the number of western viewers increase there is an increased number of western investments in the sub continental cinema, especially to produce movies which interpret the sub continental culture for western viewers. Some prime examples of this are the movies such as â€Å"Pride and the prejudice† and â€Å"Monsoon Wedding† produced by foreign investment. The Western symbolic icons such as MTV have been swiftly accepted by the sub continent. An example of a TV series â€Å"Rodies† aired by MTV India is noteworthy. This TV show is an on field series of a contest such as the famous American â€Å"Survivor† series. The western impact has also made it fashionable to wear tight jeans and have ideas such as sex before marriage which have not been portrayed before in the local culture. The concept of 4 The influence of the western culture on the Sub continental culture and vice versa nudity is also creeping into the sub continental film industry. Even though the sub continental films are traditionally based on the romantic story based on the idea of love, the movies in the past have been conservative on showing romantic scenes in the movies. The movies like â€Å"Monsoon Wedding† have changed that perception. Such kinds of films are on the rise and therefore have an influence on the audience of the movies. The other source of western influence to the sub continental culture is from the Non Resident sub continent people; these are people from the sub continental origin who have lived in the West. They have been exposed to the western ideas and culture thoroughly. When Film producers such the Canadian Indian Deepa Metha produce films, they are preoccupied with the western influence. Mr Metha produced a film â€Å"Fire† which showed a lesbian love story. This sort of western influence, even though might be rejected by many of the sub continent population is slowly inching into the film industry and from the film industry to the mainstream sub continental culture (papers, 2005). The lifestyle of the sub continental people is also chaning raidly with the major impetus coming from the westeren sources. A late night walk around the milti million inhabitant city of Bombay, Bangalore or Karachi would ascertian the fact that the lifestyle is drifting from its traditional cultural way of life (Michael, n. d. ). There is a shift of the social life in the sub continent. One can easily observe youndsters mingling openly in the streets and consuming alcahol freely (Michael, n. d. ). The dress code has changed swiftly over the years aswell. Saris (a traditional subcontinental dress) are being replaced with the thight jeans or skirts. The brand conciousnes is common aswell is the fast food culture of Mcdonads and KFC among the masses in the urban areas. The â€Å"Public display of affection (PDA)† as Mr. Kamekish puts it, is common (Kamekish, 2007). One may argue that all this is the trickle down effect from what the media projects to the people. All the latest fashions, trends and lifestyle tips projected through the TV screens ans the cenimas is refelcted in the everyday lifestyle of the urban sub continental people. On the other hand the Western culture is also not far from the sub continental influence. The western lifestyle has also been vastly influenced by the sub continental culture. The golorious influences of the designers industry has kept the western fashion indusry busy. The desginers such as Jean Paul Gautier and Alexander McQueen have vastly included sub continental designs into their collections portfolio. Gautier infact has dedicated a whole collection called the â€Å"Indian Chiaroscuro†, which reflects the traditional designs of the Sub 5 The influence of the western culture on the Sub continental culture and vice versa contienent (Karthik, 2005). The international fashion icons such as Giorgio Amrani, Valentino, Christian Lacroix and Emmanuel Ungaro are getting the services of craftsmen from India to craft their creations with the artistic hand work embroidery to vie in the international market. The other major example of the cultural influence is the famous Pashimina shawls. These pure silk hand knitten pieces of cloth have been a desire of many women around the world. The cultural influence does not end in the clothing industry. The other fashion brands such as Cartier have also been prejudiced by the sub continental culture. The traditional carved coloured stones and the hand work on the precious jewels stemming from the persian and Indian decorative design have been extensively used in the products displayed by Cartier (Karthik, 2005). The influence of the sub continental lifestyle in the fashion industry has cetianly produced some remarkable pieces of art and fashion. Other than this the traditional artefacts produced in the sub continent have been increasingly finding their way into the western homes. The famous Indian poterry and the traditional hand weaven carpets have made huge inroads in the shops around the western world. The cultural influence of the western world in the form of sculpture and architecture has had a long lasting effect on the sub continent. The European colonisits brought the new concept of the western sculuptural art to india. They were very affluent in the Neo-classical, Romanesque, Gothic and Renaissance style of sturctural design. The initial sturctures built by the colonists were warehouses and walled trading posts aswell as forted townships along the costline (India Net Zone, n. d. ). The St. Francis Church, built by Portuguese in 1510, is regarded as the first church built by Europeans in India. The Portuguese were first to built the forts like Castella De Aguanda near Mumbai. They added fortification to the Bassein fort built by Bahadur Shah, the Sultan of Gujrat, in 1532 AD (India Net Zone, n. d. ). The sub continent architecture also can be seen having some Danish influence as well; the Nagapatnam church in the state of Tamil Nadu in India is the clear evidence of this. Similarly the French influence can be noticed in the Eglise De Sacre Coeur De Jesus or the Church of Sacred Heart of Jesus, the Eglise De Notre Dame de Anges and the Eglise de Notre Dame De Lourdes at Pondicherry. However the impact of the British on the architectural culture of the sub continent was the greatest. They started off by building mainly factories for business purposes but soon they started building courts, schools, municipal buildings and Dak Bungalows, which were normal buildings built by army engineers. The most well known architects of that time designed and constructed buildings all over the sub continent. Many of the structures erected were a derivative of the famous buildings in London and other places in England. For example, the 6 The influence of the western culture on the Sub continental culture and vice versa church of St. John at Calcutta, built in 1787 was a replication of the St. Stephens Church at Walbrooks, the Government House in Calcutta, built by Captain Charles Wyatt was re-sculpted on the Kedleston Hall of Derbyshire, the Indian Government Mint in Calcutta was a semi- replica of the Temple of Minerva at Athens and the Pachaiyappa`s Hall in Chennai was the duplication of the Athenium Temple of Theseus (India Net Zone, n. d. ). The Neo-Gothic style of architecture was also evident under the British rule. The Secretariat, University Library, Rajabai Tower, Telegraph Office all adopted the Victorian Gothic style, similar to buildings in London† (India Net Zone, n. d. ). Another noteworthy piece of architecture is the St. Martin`s Garrison Church in Delhi which is considered as zenith of the British architectural ventures in the sub continent and the Victoria Terminus in Bombay (Mumbai), designed by architect Frederick William Stevens followed the St. Pancras Station, London. The Church is a huge structure with a high square tower and deeply sunken window shelves, which is a souvenir of Dutch and German architecture (India Net Zone, n. . ). There has been a reciprocal impact of the Sub continental traditional architecture on that of the western world. During the late 19th century there was an adept feeling of orientalism in the western societies. Many of the renowned architects of that time felt the need to look at what the sub continent had to offer before working on a major project. It was also common for the young architects to travel to India in search of the mystique and oriental designs the region had to offer (Pochoy, 2002 ). The fascination for exotic styles was foremost ignited by the considerable display of the sub continental art at various international exhibitions around the world. The various artifacts from the sub continent were according to the famous philosopher considered to be of good designs from the people who are faithful to their art as they are faithful to their religion, habits and thoughts which inspired the former (Oshinsky, 2004). Today the structures like the Taj Mahal in India still startle the eyes of most western societies. The sculptures of such magnificent buildings along with others such as the huge exuberantly decorated vases can be seen in the western homes. There are also other influences between the dimensions of both the western and the sub continental cultures which can be classified as food habits, family structures and the use of foreign lingo. The sub continental cuisine has had huge in roads into the western culture. Europe in general and England in particular enjoys the sub continental oriental food through the enormous amount of restaurants easily located all over the region. The amount of sub continental restaurant in England has risen dramatically from only 500 in 1960 to an estimated 7 The influence of the western culture on the Sub continental culture and vice versa number of 9350 in 2007 (Facts, 2008). This phenomenal growth in the sub continental cuisine in the western society such as England provides strong signals of how the western taste is being influenced by the sub continental cuisine. On the other hand the British tradition of having evening tea has been picked up by the sub continental society. The subcontinent consumes an estimate of 900 million kilos of tea altogether which is around 30 percent of the world’s total tea production (Mandal, 2003) (Hasan, 2005) (Isphani, 2003). The family structure of the sub continents is also being vastly influenced by the Western culture. Traditionally it is a norm to have large families in the sub continent. However this culture is changing and the enforcement of the family planning schemes based on the western research are changing the family structure of the sub continent. The empowerment of the women has also influenced the traditionally subdued role of the women in the family. The traditional joint family system is slowly changing into a nuclear family system. The educated class and the new generation have certainly adopted a family structure compatible with the western culture. The influence of language usage from the west has been widely felt. English was the second most commonly reported language to be used, after the mother tongue in the sub continent according to a survey conducted by Annika Hohenthal who included all the top universities in the sub continent in his research (Hohenthal, 2003). 8 The influence of the western culture on the Sub continental culture and vice ersa Conclusion: People today are linked to each other today more than they ever were. The global forces have made the developing world countries to stay in close contact with the developed world. There is a meeting of the global cultures mainly because of the connection created through the television, music, sporting events, the same news, sitcoms, soap operas, theater, corporate foo d chains and the same glamorous lifestyle (Hong, 2000). This is the reason why the current era can be described as â€Å"The Era of Globalization of culture†. Western culture is the â€Å"machine culture† (Straggler, 2008). This is because as the historian Arnold Toynbee said that the mankind has made more progress in the 200 years since the industrial revolution than in the previous 10,000 years. This is the prime reason that the west with its â€Å"machines† is very attractive to the ever developing sub continent. To have a western influence on the sub continental culture is inevitable. To dress like a westerner is a part of being influenced by the â€Å"machine culture†. A villager in the rural areas of the sub continent dresses acts and thinks differently than a person in the urban town center. As the sub continent becomes more prosperous it would keep straying from its traditions, cultures and norms (Straggler, 2008). We should relish the sub continental culture and be prepared for radical changes in the same. On the other hand the western culture is influenced by the sub continental culture as it is something oriental and different from what they have. The aura of sensation and mystique found in the sub continental culture is appealing to the western society. With the â€Å"The Era of Globalization of culture† underway the influence of the sub continent culture on the western culture would also certainly take a steep flight. The influence of the western culture on the Sub continental culture and vice versa Bibliography Facts, F. . (2008, March 3). Facts, Figures Market Research. Retrieved April 12, 2008, from Facts, Figures Market Research: http://209. 85. 135. 104/search? q=cache:zzhZ6LCNLGgJ:www. menu2menu. com/indfact. html+total+number+of+Indian+restaurants+i n+londonhl=enct=clnkcd=1 Findley, C. V. , Rothney, J. A. (2006). Twentieth? century World. In C. V. Findley, J. A. Rothney, Twentieth? century World (p. 14). Harper, D.

Juvenile Crime in the USA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Juvenile Crime in the USA - Research Paper Example Its really sad to see youthful members of the society adopting violent behaviors and getting involved in criminal activities. There are many factors generate this problem; for examples: Media, Friends, and violent Video Game. However, many people agree that its start from home. Single Parenthood, Domestic violent and Child abuse, and bad parenting are some of major causes of juvenile crime and violence. "It is the tasks connected with the home that are the fundamental tasks of humanity ... if the mother does not do her duty, there will either be no next generation, or a next generation that is worse than none at all." (The 26th President of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt) Mother plays a crucial role in her child’s life. Mothers play the most part in raising the kids. Her role can be three quarters of parenting. Nevertheless, the role they play prior the birth. Nobody can substitute her. She bonded with her kids from the early days of pregnancy to a very late age. She teaches her kids the norms and right behaviors. Fathers role is complement to mothers role and yet very important. Father is the person whom the child admired and looks up to as an ideal. Fathers company gives the profound feeling of protection. Father is the one whom the son needs in life-school. From life experience, fathers usually want their sons and daughters to live better life than his. This research gives an overview of the history of family and home constrictions development in the last three centuries. It also includes statistics about the juvenile crime in the United States. This paper discusses how the violent behavior starts from home and the affects of Single parenthood, Domestic violent and child abuse, and Bad parenting. This research includes a survey among Miami Police Officers about this problem. Finally it concluded with some suggestions on how to prevent and protect the teens. Juvenile crimes started to catch the attention of the

Privatization of Prisons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Privatization of Prisons - Essay Example Private prisons purpose was to house inmate thus reduce congestion in public prisons then paid by the government using taxpayer prison revenue. Despite privatization being profit generation source, private prisons have benefits and disadvantages to the public and prisoners. As a result, the essay will deduce and come up with the judgment on whether the government should embrace private prisons or abolish the idea. Positively, private prisons reduce congestion of prisoners in public prisons in United States. Mason indicates that many public prisons in America house inmate more than the required number because of lack of an alternative place to keep the criminals (4-7). For instance, some of California prisons facility have about 300, 000 prisoner compared to the required number of 170,000 prisoners. Additionally, such high numbers of prisoners hinders effective rehabilitation of prisoners because of lack of sufficient rehabilitation space, tools, and personnel found in the prisons. Fo r this reason, the federal and state government adopting the idea of private prisons was important. This will reduce the congestion in public prisons and ensure effective rehabilitation of all the prisoners hence curbing the level of prison violence. Private prisons served as a cost effective method in the budget of federal and state government in the United States. ... Mason posits that states with higher number of private prisons enjoy lower cost of housing prisoners in the state (8-10). Therefore, with abundant prison facilities in United States, criminal rate may reduce in most states. This is because there will be no waste of time in delay of convicting criminals because of lack of space in public prisons. However, private prisons also have several disadvantages. There are high reports of violence and mistreatment of prisoners in private facilities. Most private prisons have limited incentives that could curb recidivism and violence among prisoners (American Civil Liberties Union 23). Moreover, most private prisons focuses on profit creation and not the safety and decent living of the prisoners hence hindering the process of rehabilitation and accelerating violence level among prisoners. In addition, the management team in private prisons may not have sufficient training personnel to handle cases of violence and recidivism hence, becoming a thr eat in the rehabilitation of prisoners. Thus, such reasons may inhibit the number of prisoners admitted in private prisons while may affect the profit generation goal of the private prison. Despite the private prison goal being profit generation to the public and shareholders, most private prisons experience limited profits level. The amount of profit earned causes the private prisons to overlook the intensity of training the prison security personnel (American Civil Liberties Union 20-22). Therefore, this affects the way in which the private prison personnel may handle rude prisoners and curb the level of prisoners escaping experienced in from private prisoners. Moreover, the surrounding community may not benefit from the revenue gained by the private prison in town. Hence,

The Warning Video about Financial Crisis Movie Review

The Warning Video about Financial Crisis - Movie Review Example The move to have the unregulated derivative fund regulated was countered by the introduction of the Commodity Futures Modernization Act, which then took away the power of Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), the federal agency that oversees the trading of derivatives, thus making it impossible for the over-the-counter derivatives market to be regulated (Kirk, n.p.). Although the CFTC is meant to play the role of government oversight in the financial market operations, the attempts by the agency to have the derivative market regulated were thwarted by the closest administrators of President Clinton, who argued that an attempt to regulative the lucrative multi-million dollar market would certainly cause a financial crisis, while in reality it is the deniability of the administrators to act on the fundamental aspects that would have helped prevent the crisis, that ended-up blocking the necessary financial reforms that would have streamlined the financial markets, as proposed by the CFTC (Kirk, n.p.). The major problem with the over-the-counter derivatives market is that; it was operating as a black market, and thus lacked transparency. This way, the operations of the markets were able to continue undercover, until when the market collapsed, triggering a depression of the financial market and the consequent recession of the USA economy (Kirk, n.p.). While the Commodity Futures Trading Commission was empowered to regulate the trading of derivatives in the market, the powerful administrators in the Clinton administration stripped the agency those powers, through imploring on the Congress to pass the Commodity Futures Modernization Act, which took away the powers of the agency to control the derivative market, thus leaving the market to care for itself (Kirk, n.p.).  Ã‚  

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH or histiocytosis X) is the most common form of dendritic cell type of histiocytic disorders. LCH can be divided into three groups on the basis of the number of lesions and systems involved: the unifocal (localized) form, presents between 5 and 15 years of age, in approxi ­mately 70% of LCH cases, limited to a single bone or a few bones, and may involve the lung. Multiple bones as well as the reticuloendothelial system (i.e., the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and skin) involvement and diabetes insipidus are seen in multifocal unisystem (chronic re ­curring) form which constitutes approximately 20% of cases. Typi ­cally seen between 1 to 5 years of age. The fatal form is the multifocal multisystem (fulminant) form comprising ap ­proximately 10% of LCH cases. Seen in the first 2 years of life and it disseminately involves the reticuloendothelial system, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Eosinophilic granuloma, Hand-Schà ¼ller-Christian disease, and Letterer-Siwe disease are older names used when these were thought to be different diseases; these names should now be discouraged. Langerhans cell histiocytosis is characterised by uncontrolled monoclonal proliferation of abnormal Langerhans cells, which can infiltrate ubiquitously all the tissues or organs as well as lymph nodes. The histiocytic infiltration is followed by chronic inflammation and the formation of granulomas. Uncontrolled immune response activation is the most likely etiology by an as yet unknown antigen. Bone lesions are seen in approxi ­mately 80% of LCH patients. LCH has a predilection to involve the flat bones with skull being the most common flat bone involved, followed by the mandible, ribs, pelvis, and spine. Skull lesions can be either asymptom ­atic or manifest with focal pain and soft-tissue swelling in the scalp. â€Å"Punched-out† lytic lesions are seen in skull lesions seen on radiographs with asymmetric destruc ­tion of the inner and outer cortices, which results in a characteristic bevelled edge. Mastoid bone is the classical location when temporal bone is affected. Calvarial disease lacks periosteal reaction unlike other bone lesions. The term geographic skull is used when skull lesions grow in size and coalesce, creating a map like appearance. Vertebra plana (symmetric flattening of vertebral body) is seen with involvement of spine. Diaphyseal or metaphyseal involvement seen in long bones. â€Å"Floating teeth† is seen if there is enough alveolar d estruction. Other findings include hepatomegaly with solid or cystic lesions in liver. Lymphadenopathy with cervical predominance. MRI brain will reveal absence of posterior pituitary bright spot, and thickening of pituitary stalk if there is CNS involvement. Lung involvement shows centrilobular nodules or cysts of varying sizes, with mid- to upper-lung distribution and spar ­ing of costophrenic angles. Meyer et al conducted a study in 1995 in Philadelphia on 42 patients. 83% of the patients had at least one affected bone. All children with lesions of the skull base (Fig 1 ) and seven of eight with facial lesions (Fig 2) had bone destruction with associated soft-tissue masses. Calvaria 13 Intracranial soft tissue 4 Skull base/face 15 According to D’Ambrosio et al 2008, who did study on 100 patients in New York Ninety-six percent of the patients in this series had bone involvement. Fifty-eight of 96 patients (60%) had a solitary bone abnormality, and 38 patients (40%) had multiple lesions. By far, the most common bone involved in the series was the skull, affecting 52 of 96 patients (54%). In particular, the calvarium was affected in 45% of patients. Of the patients with calvarial involvement, the parietal bone was most commonly affected. The maxilla and/or maxillary sinus was affected in 8% of patients in the series. In the study done by Khatami et al 2010 in Iran on 48 patients, 38 of them (79.2%) had bone involvements; skull was involved the most (66.7%), followed by Pelvis (31.3%), Femur (31.3%), Sphenoid (30.0%) and ribs (16.7%), temporal bone in 4.2% Radiation Issue of CT Concerns about carcinogenicity of computed tomography radiation began in the early 2000s. In recent times many examination protocols and software and hardware modifications have been made to reduce CT radiation dose. The definite risk of radiation exposure is not quantified. So, it is better to follow the principle of As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA). This can be achieved by ensuring that the examination is clinically indicated and by keeping the radiation dose to the minimum with the help of technical advances as described below126. Tube current modulation is a very useful tool to control patient exposure with CT examinations. In this technique the scanner will produce less number of x-ray photons in regions of lower attenuation and higher values of tube current in regions of increased attenuation. This is of two types: Angular modulation and z-axis modulation. In angular modulation differences in attenuation in x-y plane is measured with the help of two localisers (lateral and anteroposterior views) and the tube current is modulated accordingly during rotation. In z-axis modulation the attenuation differences along the length of the patient are calculated with a single anteroposterior localiser and the tube current is modulated. The z-axis organ based tube current modulation is as much or more effective than thyroid and eye shields at reducing radiation, without the regional image noise caused by shields. Newer reconstruction technique called iterative reconstruction significantly reduces the patient dose. In this the initial projected image is iteratively compared with the model image of the vendor. Then the algorithm intelligently decreases the noise in the image. There by a noise less image can be obtained even with a low dose CT. But this technique is more time consuming than the conventional filtered back projection technique. With the newer development of hybrid iterative reconstruction which uses both the above techniques, the speed has been considerably increased. Accurate patient centering can also decrease the patient radiation. Other techniques such as optimization of tube potential, beam-shaping filters also make a significant contribution to dose reduction. Newer developments which hold promise to reduce the radiation dose in the future are compressed sensing, volume of interest and interior tomography techniques, and photon-counting detectors127-136. Low dose MDCT of PNS can be done by reducing the mAs. This is the most effective way of reducing patient exposure. The effective dose delivered by a standard dose MDCT protocol is 0.70 mSv in men and 0.76 mSv in women, whereas the effective dose delivered by a low dose MDCT protocol is 0.047 mSv in men and 0.051 mSv in women which is equivalent to standard four view radiography of PNS. Low dose CT can be used for the follow up of patients with chronic sinusitis and in tumors where the presence of soft tissue mass or bone destruction is used for follow up18.

Vocation and Spiderman :: essays research papers

VOCATION Vocation in my own words is the path God has chosen for you too follow; it is what one is destined to be. There are many different types of vocation. Some people are destined to lead a life of dedication to God, others to be parents and some to be single have regular jobs. Vocation is not something that you are born knowing you have to look within yourself to find what God has created you to be. Finding your vocation is not an easy thing that why a lot of people end up in divorce, hating there job or depressed. Throughout Spiderman 2, Peter struggles with his identity, and even takes a "leave of absence" from his "vocation" to sort out his true desires. When the people he loves, especially Mary Jane, are suddenly in grave, mortal peril, he remembers his true self and saves them all, remarking that "Sometimes you have to give up what you really want in order to do what is really right." The villain manages to send an entire elevated trainload of people hurtling out of control to their death, and it's up to Spiderman to save them. He doesn't have the strength of Superman to stop out of control trains or airplanes, so he uses the gifts at his disposal. He stands on the front of the out of control train, stretches out his arms in both directions, and fires off web after web after web at passing skyscrapers. He grabs all the webs tightly in both hands. His arms are pulled back against the train, and his entire body is nailed there against the train, against the people he needs to save. His arms stretched out in a heroic act, Peter Parker becomes Christ on the cross. Peter Parker is confused, he doesn’t know weather his vocation is to be with the Mary Jane or to be Spiderman.

Infant mortality Essay

Infant mortality simply refers to the number of death amongst the young ones per 1000 births. In this historical study, infant mortality rate between a range of time starting from 1750 to 1917 is studied. Its rate varies from one century to another with the 18th century recording the highest number of deaths among the young. Progressing towards the 20th century, there has been a drastic decline in the death rate of infants. Some medical professionals believe that this is because of the social health reform and medical improvement during the 19th and 20 centuries. On the other hand, some scholars, like Thomas McKeown, strongly suggest that this is mainly attributed to the improved nutrition and sanitation of the infant’s environment (McKeown, 121). Thomas McKeown is the scholar who spearheaded the well known McKeown Thesis. There has been an ongoing debate between the two ideas about which played the main significant role in checking the rampant death of the infants for several decades featured in countless student reading, so who actually saw the truth between the 19 and the 20th centuries? Infant mortality reduced over the centuries starting in the late 19th and early 20th century in the United States. The highest rate of death among the infants was observed in the first half of the 18th century (McKeown, 65) , this high rate of infant mortality was viewed as caused by societal break-down and poor policies rather that specific pathological organism. This was considered as a reflection of a poor frame work in the society. Between 1750 and 1800, the infant mortality rate was at the peak with many of the infants succumbing to their diseases. At the time, the technical aspects in undertaking comprehensive investigation to establish the actual cause of the diseases and finally finding the cure had not been successful. Many infants therefore died in large numbers. The community attributed all this to the broad and unfortunate societal problems. Many major countries had areas with indecent housing, flooded basements, contaminated water supplies and poverty, resulting in diseases such as typhoid, scarlet fever, tuberculosis and typhus to thrive (McVeigh). This in the end challenged them to actually think of ways to handle these problems. What they have come to conclude was that prenatal and postnatal diseases were ultimately influenced by external factors such as food deficiency, alcohol and tobacco use (Mudd, 117). While diseases and disabilities that are determined during conception or after birth are invariably different, both their origins can still be potentially controlled. In the second half of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th century, the government of the United States came up with efforts to curb this menace. They recommended the removal of infants in the cities; this was considered a major success since most mothers who were residing in the city end up having their young ones dying at a tender age. Some prenatal diseases, for example was due to exposure to harmful toxins in the environment, thereby affecting the child’s development in the mother’s womb (Mudd, 117-118). This was viewed that the city exposed the young to unhealthy environment hence exposing them to diseases. The congestion in the city was also found to facilitate the spread of contagious diseases among the young. Various forms of pollutants were rampant in the city and therefore the infant could easily contract infections. Many women at the turn of the 18th century were working in gas lit factories and sweatshops, which may affect their pregnancy (McVeigh). The mothers were advised to settle in their rural homes where these hazards were considered to have minimal consequences on the infants. It was fortunate that legislations were finally passed during 1848 to promote genuine concern for public health (McKeown, 66). Similarly, international city in Great Britain during the era, as well as an important location throughout Europe and the rest of the world in terms of international trade and human transit. Because of so many international produce, goods and people arriving in London daily, it became clear to medical professionals that foreign bodies can often be the bearers of disease; from London, such illnesses were doomed to spread throughout the rest of the country. In helping London’s citizens stay healthy, infant mortality rates were automatically dropped simultaneously. By exploring London’s newspaper archives, as well as other contemporary newspaper articles and even the correspondence of health care workers during the era, the information concerning infant mortality rates can be gathered and compared. In contrast, some scholars, such as Thomas McKeown, strongly suggest that this is mainly attributed to the improved nutrition and sanitation (Colgrove). The milk supply was improved among the young one, because the milk handling and supply of edible products was improved by the government. This government strategy has been significant in preserving the life of infants at the time. Child hygiene was another factor considered in checking the high rate of infant mortality. A child hygiene program was established by the government to ensure the infants were provided with the highest quality of hygiene . With the advancement on the technological innovations, infant mortality reduced in significant proportions over the centuries. The discovery of the various medical equipments and apparatus including the microscope and the stethoscope in the late 19th century boosted the medical field’s capabilities to handle these challenges (McVeigh). Simultaneous to this, great strides in the improvement of education of interns started happening in Europe. The scientist who specialized in medical microbiology studied deeper and discovered very many minute microbes which were found to cause high rate of infant mortality. These microbes were found to thrive on unhygienic conditions therefore causing high rate of infant mortality. They were found to be rampant especially in poorly handled milk and other foodstuff. With these discoveries of stethoscope and the microscope in the 20th century, many diseases were kept under control. This was because scientists had become knowledgeable about health matters. Before this tremendous discovery, many minute microorganisms causing several diseases amongst the young ones were at large and scientists were puzzled with unchecked high rate of infant mortality. The electron microscope with high magnification enabled these scientists to recognize the various disease causing organisms including viruses and bacteria. They managed to know the specific diseases that these microorganisms caused and the appropriate control measures needed to keep them at bay. They came up with antibiotics to cure infection in the infants. Antibiotics such as penicillin were also discovered in the early 20th century. At this time, due to these discoveries and appropriate measures taken by the government, the infant mortality drastically reduced. Medical attention to the infants was considered a priority and hence reducing the rate of infant’s death. Another important factor in curbing infant mortality is the development of obstetrics and the rise of gynecology in that time (McVeigh). It encompassed all aspects of pregnancy, and allowed sanitary and safe conditions for the mother and child. Arguably, poor sanitary conditions during childbirth are also one of the main causes of infant mortality in earlier centuries. McKeown’s views on public health sparked controversy during the 1970’s and 1980’s with its focus on allocation of medical resources. While the foundation of his empirical views might be considered flawed today, it spearheaded studies of where should public health practitioners should focus their efforts and the most important determinants of a society’s mortality (Colgrove). The thesis he authored was about the explanation of the dramatic population growth from around 1770 to the present (Szreter). It stated that it was because of the domino effect of improved economic conditions: better standards of living and enhanced nutritional status that strengthened infant resistance to most diseases. His works have been about the synthesis of these advanced ideas and later on his works began getting much attention because of its profound content (Szreter). It was curious to note that it attracted more audiences during its later years, even though it didn’t substantially contain any new information. It was probably the stronger awareness in public health that caused this. However, McKeown will always be considered a figure of importance because of his role in shaping contemporary systems to prevent infant mortality. Other factors that can be attributed to a precipitous decline in infant mortality rate starting from the late 19th and early 20th century include the improvement in economic growth, improvement in nutrition, new sanitary measures by the government and advances in knowledge about infant care in the united states of America (Colgrove). Though little is known about how each of this factors contributed in the reduction in the infant mortality rate, a systematic review of the data from the specific period stressed that providing clean milk in market was the main contributor to this decline in the infant mortality . However, the writer of this journal was biased in the sense that handling milk supply and milk hygiene was not the only cause of infant mortality. It‘s important to note that the both technological advancement and improved nutrition played a very crucial role in checking the infant mortality rate starting from the late 18th to early 20th century. The perception that the high rate of infant mortality was due to societal problems and poor policies could not help in reversing the trend in the first half of the 18th century. Technological advancement saw the discovery of the various medical apparatus and equipments in the 20th century which helped in the reduction of high infant mortality rate. The scientists discovered the actual causes of these deaths being pathological organism which could be controlled. The economic growth and education enabled this scientist to conduct further research and hence control measures were devised which came up with cure for various diseases affecting the infants.

Ecotourism Hotel In Costa Rica Tourism Essay Example

Ecotourism Hotel In Costa Rica Tourism Essay Example Ecotourism Hotel In Costa Rica Tourism Essay Ecotourism Hotel In Costa Rica Tourism Essay A host of external factors influence a houses pick of way and action and, finally, its organisational construction and internal procedures. These factors, which constitute the external environment, can be divided into three interconnected subcategories: factors in the distant environment, factors in the industry environment, and factors in the operating environment. There are complex necessities involved in explicating schemes that optimize a house s market chances. There is an interrelatedness between the house and its remote, its industry, and its operating environments. In combination, these factors form the footing of the chances and menaces that a house faces in its competitory environment. The distant environment ( macroeconomic ) comprises factors that originate beyond and normally irrespective of, any individual house s runing state of affairs: ( 1 ) economic, ( 2 ) societal, ( 3 ) political, ( 4 ) technological, and ( 5 ) ecological factors ( Pearce Robinson, 2004 ) . Economic factors concern the nature and way of the economic system in which a house operates. Because ingestion forms are affected by the comparative richness of assorted market sections, each house must see economic tendencies in the sections that affect its industry. On both the national and international degree, directors must see the general handiness of recognition, the degree of disposable income, and the leaning of people to pass. Prime involvement rates, rising prices rates, and tendencies in the growing of the gross national merchandise are other economic factors they should supervise ( Pearce Robinson, 2004 ) . There is trouble in measuring the likely impact of remote, industry, and runing environments on the effectivity of alternate schemes. Appraisal of this sort involves roll uping information that can be analyzed to unwrap predictable effects. Except in rare cases, nevertheless, it is virtually impossible for any individual house to expect the effects of a alteration in the 1.Significant decreases in our administrative budget. 2.Customer Service ; Stewardship 3.Possible. 4.The Performance Budget will reflect the impact of support decreases on these ends. To day of the month, the RRB has managed to better some facets of operations within budget restraints, utilizing assorted streamlining enterprises and mechanization of manual work procedures. 1.Lack of interagency cooperation or support for cardinal operations ( e.g. , Social Security Administration s pay and informations exchange, and the Internal Revenue Services revenue enhancement aggregations ) . 2.Customer Service ; Stewardship 3.Unlikely. As other bureaus find themselves runing with fewer resources, there is a possibility that their decreases would impact our services. 4.The RRB depends to a great extent on interagency cooperation and support to transport out many of our maps and services. We will go on to keep contacts with cardinal bureaus to guarantee active coordination and support. 1.Sudden, unforeseen and important diminutions in railway employment degrees. 2.Customer Service ; Stewardship 3.Possible. Payroll revenue enhancements are the primary beginning of funding for railway retirement benefits. If economic conditions change significantly, rail industry employers may be required to well cut down staffing. Presently, we anticipate such action merely under a pessimistic employment scenario. 4.In the yesteryear, diminutions in railway employment have resulted in statute law to guarantee the solvency of the railway retirement system. A similar demand for legislative alterations may originate if there were a dramatic, sudden, unexpected diminution in railway employment. The impact could be mitigated if alternate beginnings of funding are identified. 1.Major, program-related legislative alterations. 2.Customer Service ; Stewardship 3.Possible. 4.The impact of any legislative alterations on the strategic ends would hold to be to the full assessed. 1.Major, mission-related legislative alterations. 2.Customer Service ; Stewardship 3.Unlikely. There have been several proposals to alter the construction of the bureau, but none have been introduced into the Congress at this clip. 4.Legislative alterations covering with the agencys cardinal mission are non anticipated, and their impact would hold to be to the full assessed if and when proposals are made. 1.Loss of public assurance in the railway retirement system and the ability of the bureau to supply necessary services. 2.Stewardship 3.Unlikely. The continued assurance of both railway employers and employees and the beneficiary population is a critical factor. As client satisfaction remains high, a loss of public assurance is improbable, provided administrative support is non significantly reduced. 4.We will go on to supervise the solvency of the financess, and look for ways to guarantee administrative efficiencies to maintain costs low. We will besides go on to supervise our clients degree of satisfaction. Reference hypertext transfer protocol: //www.rrb.gov/strategicplan/2006/exhibit5.asp Feasibility Analysis For An Ecotourism Hotel In Costa Rica Introduction La Fuerza is undertaking which aims to look into the deduction of an advanced new merchandise in the hotel industry. The construct is derived from the desire and the vision to supply a sanctuary for metropolis inhabitants to unplug themselves from the haste of the outside universe by prosecuting in soul-cleansing activities. The retreat will supply invitees with simpleness that is non found in the universe today, while the necessities of Television, the cyberspace and the telephone are non-existent for the continuance of their stay. They will acquire the opportunity to better appreciate the simplest and most beautiful facets of life. Activities would include harvest home, planting, cookery, larning from other civilizations, larning from nature and sublimating their psyche and organic structure from modern Reference hypertext transfer protocol: //www.oppapers.com/essays/Feasibility-Analysis-Ecotourism-Hotel-Costa-Rica/173941 Holiday Inn Express Strengths And Weaknesses Internal Analysis Holiday Inn Express Strength: SimplySmart Bed and Bath Justification: Vacation Inn Express is a trade name that remains consistent across the board. With their SimplySmart bedclothes, entirely on Holiday Inn Express beds, their invitees can anticipate the same comfort every clip they lay their caput down. With four pillows on each bed, runing in from excess fluffy to instead house, invitees will certainly be pleased. The sheets, that feel much like Egyptian cotton, are layered with covers that suit the clime you are in. SimplySmart besides takes attention of the bathroom comfortss in each room. With curving shower rods, invitees have up to 25 % more elbow room for a more comfy shower experience. Extra big, extremely absorptive, 100 % cotton towels are outfitted in each room to do certain the invitees are extremely satisfied. SimplySmart even has a line of easy-to-open bathroom comfortss that have a elusive aroma that are appropriate for work forces and adult females. Strength: Express Start Breakfast Bar Justification: Vacation Inn Express has ever offered a complimentary choice of cold breakfast points, like yoghurt, cereal, and fruit, to their invitees. They have late taken the excess measure to add another FREE agreeableness to their trade name. With points like scrambled eggs, omelets, bacon, sausage, and biscuits, they have expanded invitee options to include a hot choice of breakfast nutrients. They still continue to function their signature cinnamon axial rotations and Smart Roast java that invitees have grown to love when they stay at Holiday Inn Express hotels. A nice option for the concern traveller in a haste is the to-go bundles so they can catch their breakfast and caput off to their meetings without holding to eat at the hotel. Strength: Precedence Club Rewards Program Justification: InternContinental Hotels Group ( IHG ) , Holiday Inn Express parent company, has the universes largest hotel trueness plan. In the Priority Club Rewards ( PCR ) plan, there are presently 39 million members Reference hypertext transfer protocol: //www.oppapers.com/essays/Holiday-Inn-Express-Strengths-Weaknesses/179469 Business Whitbread had a proportion of 4.60 in 2006 in Hotel Industry in the UK, which was about 2 % less than Hilton Hotels Corp which had highest per centum. Furthermore, Premier Travel Inn, which is the trade name of Whitbread, had 38 % portion, 32,600 suites, in budget hotels. The 2nd largest, Travelodge, has increased its capacity by over 4,500 suites since 2005 and has about double the sum of 3rd in line, Holiday Inn Express, which has a 12 % market portion. The staying 28 % of market portion contribute to amongst a figure of little operators. Top two operators, Premier Travel Inn and Travelodge, command 60 % of the budget hotel market. The UK budget hotel market presently has 1,171 hotels in 96,000 suites. ( Mintel ) Entire UK market has 708,000 suites and 414,000 of them are unbranded hotels, 294,000 are branded, 96,000 are UK Branded Budget hotels. Branded hotels portion of the UK market between 2002-2007 changed significantly for budget hotels which increased 6.9 % and it was merely 1.1 % and 1.0 % addition for upper graduated table and gilded hotels severally. There was 3.2 % lessening for midscale adjustment between these old ages. ( TRI BDRC ) The growing in budget hotels portion was once more with Premier Inn which rose by 14 % in seven old ages from 2000, followed by Ibis 13 % , Travelodge 10 % and Holiday Inn 9 % . Increase in the figure of budget hotels has been significant since 2001, but the growing rate has slowed somewhat in recent old ages. ( BDRC ) Porters 5 Forces Power of Suppliers 1. The providers of the hotels could be cleaning, nutrient, drink, furniture, energy public-service corporation and staff providers. 2. Most providers are from extremely fragmented industries and they do non hold important distinctions. 3. It is non hard for the hotels, taking the lowest cost provider 4. The dickering power of providers is lower than clients, because they are aggregate providers, but hotels have skilled employers and direction chances and they have low Reference hypertext transfer protocol: //www.oppapers.com/essays/Business/183584 Economic Analysis Of The Hotel Industry Economic Analysis of the United States Hotel Industry Background Information Our squad chose the hotel industry in the United States for our economic analysis. The hotel concern has existed since the earliest times, and has influenced the development of the economic system since the initiation of this state. Harmonizing to the American Hotel and Lodging Association, in the twelvemonth 1900, there were fewer than 10,000 hotels in the US which provided 750,000 to 850,000 suites. The 2004 figures show that there are 47, 584 hotel belongingss in the US with 15 suites or more. There are presently 4,415,696 guestrooms available. The industry had gross revenues of $ 105.3 billion in 2003, which places mean gross per room at $ 50.42 with an mean tenancy rate of 60.1 % . The hotel industry is considered portion of the touristry industry in the US. Currently, touristry is the 3rd largest retail industry in the US. Merely the automotive and nutrient industries are larger. Recent Performance The hotel industry is presently sing a period of recovery following the events of September 11, 2001. The concern and pleasance travel industry was impacted dramatically by the events on that September twenty-four hours. Hotel engagements in major metropoliss fell as air hose agendas were halted and the populace adjusted to the new regulations refering to air travel in the US. Many concerns cut back their travel planning and conducted concern meetings via alternate methods. The economic slack in the state besides helped to take down the tenancy rates at many of the major hotel ironss throughout the state. However, even with these developments, over the past 10 old ages, the mean room rate has risen from $ 60.53 in 1993 to $ 82.52 in 2003 ( Smith Travel Research ) . In the last two old ages the hotel industry has seen a period of recovery in which presently demand is one time once more transcending supply in some markets. The hotel industry pays $ 159 billion in travel related rewards and wages and presently employs 1.7 million hotel Reference hypertext transfer protocol: //www.oppapers.com/essays/Economic-Analysis-Hotel-Industry/65793 Indian Hotel Industry Chapter:1 INDIAN HOTEL INDUSTRY OVERVIEW 1.1 Introduction Since the gap of the market and the rapid economic development, the travel and touristry industry has blossomed. The hotel industrys lucks are closely linked to this sector of the economic system. But the handiness of hotel suites has non kept gait with the increasing demand. Furthermore, as India histories for merely 0.5 % of the planetary tourer trade, there is huge range for growing. The World Tourism Organization ( WTO ) expects the Indian touristry industry to turn by 8.8 % in the following 10 old ages. This will necessitate the creative activity of even larger figure of hotel suites. As there is already a deficit of hotel suites and this 9 % deficit is likely to be met merely by the 1st half of 2009, the sector participants will profit in close term with higher net incomes. The importance of the sector has already made the GOI increase the allotment to the touristry ministry significantly. A big in-between category of 300 million people with increasing disposable income, cheaper air menus and better connectivity will besides increase travel within the state spurring the demand for economic system and budget hotels. The dining IT and ITES sectors, MICEs ( Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exports ) , and the enticement of cardinal leisure finishs including Agra, Goa, Jaipur and Kerala will go on to beef up the bottom lines of the participants. Occupancy rates excessively have increased by 15 % in the last three old ages to 75 % now. The Indian hotel sector s profitableness has increased aggressively over the past two old ages, and we see no let-up on the skyline. India s economic growing is strong, business-tourist traffic is turning at a double-digit cartridge holder, concern assurance index is at an all-time high, and FDI into the state is lifting. The sector is basking strong pricing power, which, along with operating purchase, should drive the sector s net incomes growing over the following two old ages. The rupee is besides deprecating, which is positive because forex grosss make up 50-60 % Reference hypertext transfer protocol: //www.oppapers.com/essays/Indian-Hotel-Industry/195431

Differing Points of View Towards Pollution

Differing Points of View Towards Pollution Free Online Research Papers Differing Points of View Towards Pollution There are two main points of view on pollution; that of the environmentalists and that of industry and big business. Basically, the environmentalists want all forms of pollution greatly reduced or eliminated. At the same time, industry and big business say it is too expensive to cut down on pollution. The Kyoto Accord is intended as a way for both sides to have some middle-ground. Countries around the world are signing on to Kyoto, with the exception of the United States, which says it’s too expensive. The environmentalists take great exception to businesses and governments who will not spend money to reduce pollution and attempt to save this planet. They believe that all major forms of pollution should be reduced or eliminated no matter the cost. They are lobbying governments all over the world to step in and impose regulations on businesses in which they are forced by law to reduce the amount of pollution they produce. Some governments are trying to listen to the environmentalists without completely ignoring the businesses that essentially run the economy. This is how the Kyoto Accord came into being. The Kyoto Accord is basically a set of guidelines that are aimed at reducing major forms of pollution, such as greenhouse gasses, that every country which signs must abide by. Since the conditions of the Kyoto Accord are costly to both business and government, some of the more capitalist countries such as the United States have not signed the Accord. Although other, less capitalist, countries have taken even farther steps than are required by Kyoto. One such country is the United Kingdom. â€Å"Helen Woolston, head of environment at EEF, the manufacturers’ organization, said the new caps would double the existing Kyoto target of a 12.5% cut which affects six gasses.† (Gow) Although they know the increased cost of exceeding Kyoto’s guidelines, they are doing it anyway. The energy industry in Britain is against the government’s decision to exceed Kyoto’s guidelines. It claims that the government is going too far in its efforts to reduce pollution and it’s costing too much money. â€Å"Jeremy Nicholson said: ‘These proposals are counter-productive – they will simply drive industry offshore and raise global emissions†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ † (Harrison) At this time in history, with our complete reliability on fossil fuels, our economy is run in such a way that causes severe damage to the natural environment. We see in many places, such as the Untied States, where big business and money is far more important than the environment, that environmental regulations are not as strict as they are in most other countries around the world. In the United States, and other similar countries, where business and money is more important than anything else, what is said to the government by business executives and other such rich people is what gets done. So this means the environmentalists, and other â€Å"little people† are rarely listened to. Since the environmentalists are not being taken seriously everywhere, pollution is still a major problem. It is a problem that has no economically easy solution. The Kyoto Accord is the first step to save the environment, but it will be a very long time before it has a major impact on the environment because of countries, namely the United States, which will not sign the Accord. Research Papers on Differing Points of View Towards PollutionThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationDefinition of Export QuotasRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NicePETSTEL analysis of IndiaGenetic EngineeringAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeTwilight of the UAWBringing Democracy to AfricaMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New Employees

Piet Mondrians Work and His Insistence on Primary Colors Essay

Piet Mondrians Work and His Insistence on Primary Colors - Essay Example While Composition clearly exhibits a strong amount of originality, (Form and Organization) Mondrian is guided by a set of principles that he and fellow De Stijl founders outlined. One can see how all these tenants are evident in Composition. All colours are, â€Å"primary colours as this gives the painting a more stripped-down and pure feel† (Art Book, p. 120). The rectangular planes and prisms are evident in the picture as seems to avoid characteristic types of symmetry, instead opting for abstract positioning of figures that still retain a functional appeal to the human senses. The aesthetic balance in the picture is achieved through opposition; nowhere do we see two of the same colours connected. (Artist Intent) While Mondrian has been derided as an intellectual artist, too concerned with formalist principals, his actual intentions were much more organic. In Neo-Plasticism in Pictorial Art Mondrian wrote, â€Å"... this new plastic idea will ignore the particulars of appearance, that is to say, natural form and colour. On the contrary, it should find its expression in the abstraction of form and colour, that is to say, in the straight line and the clearly defined primary colour† (De Stijl). (Expert) Since Mondrian’s style is â€Å"non-representational and linked to a spiritual element in his life†, it seems the theoretical underpinnings of neo-plasticism and Mondrian’s own theosophical beliefs are evident in Composition (Deicher, p. ix). (Personal Reaction) Upon viewing Mondrian’s earlier experimental work where colours do, in fact, stand next to each other, it’s clear why he later chose to disregard such placements, as they take away from the beauty of the work. The viewer is immediately struck by the sparseness of designs and the purity of forms. It’s easy to imagine how Mondrian’s pure geometric shapes share much with the idealized Platonic forms, where the pure essential nature of the object exists in direct relation to the soul and the universe.  Ã‚  

Concept Analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Concept Analysis - Coursework Example According to McEwin and Wills (2014), antecedents are the happenings that took place before the manifestation of the idea while the consequences are the effects of the concept. For instance, for holism to take place, there has to exist a real nurse-patient relationship founded on trust and understanding. The nurse also requires expertise, outstanding communication skills and knowledge. Additionally, a precursor to the concept of risk is the cognitive capability to differentiate between options. The aptitude for cognitive reasoning is an antecedent to the risk concept (Fawcett, 2005). If an individual cannot use cognitive reasoning, he or she is not capable of making a recognition or discernment about the probable harm to him or herself and other people. For instance, young children cannot interpret and analyze information in their surrounding that would be harmful to them or would put them in risk; therefore, they cannot know that touching an iron box after use will burn them. It is an adult in this case who has cognitive thinking to understand that the kid is in danger. In this case, cognitive reasoning is an antecedent to the concept of risk (McEwin & Wills, 2014). Townsend, L., & Scanlany, J. (2001). Self-efficacy related to student nurses in the clinical setting: A concept analysis. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 8(1). doi:10.2202/1548-923X.2223 Permalink to